Scientists Test Nasal Spray Vaccine That Protected Mice From COVID, Flu, and Pneumonia for Months

Afraid of needles? Well, there’s good news for you. Vaccines for COVID, the flu, and pneumonia may be able to be taken through a nasal spray soon. Scientists have been looking into this option and have performed testing on mice. In early studies, the nasal spray seems to be effective in protecting the mice from COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia for months (with just one spray). Researchers say the nasal delivery method may also offer stronger protection in the nose and lungs, where respiratory viruses first take hold. It could dramatically change how we prevent seasonal illness.

While human trials are still ahead, the early results are promising. Here is what has been revealed about the nasal spray vaccine that could be coming to a pharmacy near you.

How This New Nasal Spray Vaccine Works

Scientists designed the nasal spray to train the immune system right at the point of entry, which is the nose and upper airway. This approach helps the body build what’s known as mucosal immunity, a type of defense that traditional shots don’t always trigger as strongly. In mouse studies, this immunity lasted for months, offering protection long after typical vaccine responses begin to fade.

Researchers also found that the spray activated both antibody and T‑cell responses, giving the mice multiple layers of defense. Because the spray is easy to administer, scientists believe it could eventually help reach people who avoid needles or have limited access to clinics.

Why Protecting Against Multiple Viruses Matters

COVID‑19, influenza, and pneumonia remain three of the most common causes of respiratory hospitalizations, especially among seniors. Each virus attacks the lungs differently, which is why most vaccines only target one illness at a time.

A single vaccine that covers all three could simplify seasonal protection and reduce the number of appointments older adults need to stay safe. Researchers say this “broad‑spectrum” approach could also help during unpredictable viral surges, when multiple illnesses circulate at once. If future human trials show similar results, this type of vaccine could become a major tool for public health.

What Makes Nasal Vaccines Different From Shots

Unlike traditional injections, nasal vaccines work directly in the respiratory tract, where viruses first try to invade. This local immune response can stop infections earlier, potentially reducing symptoms or preventing illness altogether.

Nasal sprays also avoid the discomfort of needles, which may increase vaccination rates among people who hesitate to get shots. Scientists note that nasal vaccines can be easier to distribute during emergencies because they don’t require trained medical staff to administer them. For seniors and caregivers, this could mean faster access to protection during peak virus seasons.

What Researchers Still Need to Learn

Even with strong results in mice, scientists caution that human trials are essential before the vaccine can move forward. Researchers need to confirm that the nasal spray is safe, effective, and long‑lasting in people of different ages and health backgrounds.

They also need to study how well the vaccine performs against new variants of COVID‑19 and evolving strains of flu. Another question is whether immunity will last as long in humans as it did in mice, especially for older adults whose immune systems respond differently. These next steps will determine how soon the vaccine could become available to the public.

Why This Matters for Seniors and High‑Risk Adults

Seniors face higher risks from respiratory infections because aging immune systems respond more slowly and less effectively. A vaccine that protects against multiple viruses at once could reduce hospitalizations, medical bills, and long recovery periods. The nasal spray’s long‑lasting immunity may also help older adults avoid repeated booster shots throughout the year.

Because pneumonia remains a leading cause of hospitalization in adults over 65, combining protection into one vaccine could simplify preventive care. For families caring for aging parents, this type of innovation could offer peace of mind during every cold and flu season.

A New Direction for Future Vaccines

The early success of this nasal spray vaccine suggests that the future of respiratory protection may look very different from today. Scientists are increasingly exploring mucosal vaccines as a way to stop viruses before they spread deeper into the body. If human trials confirm the benefits seen in mice, this technology could reshape how we prepare for seasonal illnesses and future pandemics. A single spray that protects for months could make prevention easier, more accessible, and more effective for millions of people. As research continues, many experts believe nasal vaccines may become a major part of modern public health.

Would you feel more comfortable using a nasal spray vaccine instead of a traditional shot? Share your thoughts in the comments.

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Drew Blankenship

Drew Blankenship is a seasoned automotive professional with over 20 years of hands-on experience as a Porsche technician.  While Drew mostly writes about automotives, he also channels his knowledge into writing about money, technology and relationships. Based in North Carolina, Drew still fuels his passion for motorsport by following Formula 1 and spending weekends under the hood when he can. He lives with his wife and two children, who occasionally remind him to take a break from rebuilding engines.