Well, the short answer is no. The longer answer is "technically possible but not legal".
There are two main technical hurdles to overcome for cellphone interchangeability. The first technical issue is whether the phone itself is capable of the carrier bands that your cellphone service provides. Now, if you found the exact same model, then maybe this is not an issue here. However....
The second technical hurdle is whether or not said cellphone is operating in a "locked" mode. If a phone is locked, it can not accept any other SIM cards other than the one that it is paired with. You could buy an unlocked phone that will accept your SIM card, but they are typically pricey. My guess is that Tracfones are locked. (edit: I checked around the net. It appears that Tracfones are indeed firmware locked, and manually flashing the firmwares to unlock it is supposedly illegal.)
So, you basically have a few options. Either...
1. Go back to AT&T and get another cellphone there. Or...
2. Consider switching to a different provider such as the Tracfone. Or...
3. For only $9.99, you can also try it out yourself. Worst thing that will happen is nothing.