On a related note, check out all the great articles from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension's "Cook it Quick" section. All of these resources fit the budget and health minded consumer:
Cook It Quick!
Assuming staples like oil and flour are available, my list would include:
1. Frozen veggies of any kind
2. Canned tomatoes
3. Dry milk
4. Whole wheat pasta
5. Potatoes
6. Block cheese
7. Dried beans
8. Eggs
9. A whole turkey or chicken (Not cheap, but very versatile)
10. Apples