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Why Are Bonuses So Heavily Taxed?


Paycheck BonusesYou’ve probably wondered why your bonuses are so heavily taxed. It’s all in the tax law. There are two methods to determine bonus withholding. One method is called the Percentage Method; the other is the Aggregate Method. Which method is used to tax your bonus is determined at the state level.

The Percentage Method is not very favorable to the average taxpayer. A flat tax of 25% at the federal level, and a flat state percentage (I know it happens to be 9.3% in California), will be withheld from your bonus. It doesn’t matter if you are in a low tax bracket or if you usually get to keep 90% of your check. This is a flat tax, regardless of your tax bracket. Your only recourse in this situation is if you have a guaranteed bonus coming your way, you can increase your withholding allowances during the year. This means your regular paychecks will have less income tax withheld, to offset the high tax withholding on your bonus. Another alternative is to wait until you get your bonus, and then increase your withholding allowances, so that less tax is withheld the rest of the year. These are difficult strategies to implement though, since most bonuses come at year-end, and you do not want to risk under-withholding for a bonus that might never appear.

The Aggregate Method can be a little bit better for your bottom line. In many states, the aggregate method is allowed, which means the tax withheld on your bonus check is based on your wages and tax withholding to-date. This basically means it will be calculated like any regular paycheck. Regardless, this method will still take a big bite out of your bonus. The reason is that often payroll software does not recognize that a bonus is a one-time payment. So the payroll software might assume that your $1,000 bonus check is really a recurring amount that will push up your annual income much higher. For the one bonus, it may assume it needs to withhold a lot more, because the software suddenly thinks you are in a much higher tax bracket and that you need to be taxed at a higher rate. For smaller bonuses, many employers don’t even realize there is a “method” so faulty software calculation is probably the biggest bonus problem for most of us.

Even if your employer figures out your bonus correctly, the fact is, a bonus is usually a large amount compared to your regular paycheck. Let’s face it; a bigger check is going to need more taxes withheld. The taxes are simply magnified. All of these factors lead to you getting a smaller bonus check than you expected.

But there is another problem when it comes to bonuses. If you are in a high tax bracket, and your company uses the percentage method, you may find that you are under-withheld at the end of the year. Maybe your federal tax rate is 35%, but your company only withheld 25%. In this case, if you are concerned about under-withholding, simply ask your employer to withhold more taxes from your bonus checks. Your employer can honor your request to withhold more. They just can’t honor a request to withhold less on a bonus.

If you are expecting a bonus and want to figure out how much you can expect to keep, check out the bonus calculators at paycheckcity.com . This is a great tool to help you get a handle on your paychecks. You can see how claiming different numbers of allowances and how varying scenarios will affect your withholding. The website has both regular paycheck calculators and bonus calculators. Make sure to select your state to get accurate results from these calculators.



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Last bonus:
42% taken out!!

If we are given gift cards, our paychecks are taxed at the 40-odd % of the cost of the card.

It bites!!

Timely topic as our bonuses were distributed yesterday.

Total state and federal taxes taken out? Zero!

In this particular case, I simply asked HR/Payroll what I needed to do to minimize the taxes taken out. They told me I could have them reduced to zero on request, but just for the bonus check. Yes, it means I owe more next tax-time, but that is what I’m trying to accomplish. I still have a great deal of time left this year to adjust my withholdings to insure I do not have any penalties, but I tend to do that in October anyway. All in all, March looks to be a good month!

When you factor is social security (see another of my recent articles) – 40% sounds about right. IT would be 45% in Cali with the higher state tax rate.

I should have mentioned in the article that though this is the law, but you can ALWAYS ask your employer to lower the withholding. Though technically they shouldn’t, sometimes they will. Good point Tom. It never hurts to ask.

Tom said:
“Total state and federal taxes taken out? Zero!”

I would not think that this is a good idea. When I got laid off from one job, I got a 3 months severance and they didn’t take out taxes at all! – I had a tax bill of around 3k.

Your article has confused a CPA in
Florida. She does not realize when
a tax return is filed the bonus and
regular pay winds up being taxed at
same rate, is handled differenty
for withholding purposes

I understand the FEDS take 25% off the top. My question is, why does the goverment have a higher rate for bonuses than for regular payroll wages? At some point, some lawmaker(s) proposed this into tax law and it passed. But what was the lawmakers reasoning or justification for this law?

I just had a question if anyone knows. i recently quit a job but when comparing check stubs i noticed the bonus section had a huge difference that means they taxed me but kept the check am i entitled to this check ?? thanks to anyone who can help or direct me to the right answer

Don’t know the full details, but would guess that you didn’t get the bonus because you left before it was distributed and taxes were taken out in anticipation of this. In this case, you wouldn’t be entitled to the bonus, but would get back the taxes paid when you file your tax return.

Richard,

I am not sure why there would be confusion. There are very different withholding rules for all types of income but most of it is just ordinary income (outside of investments usually). There is no difference in the way a paycheck or a bonus is taxed when you file your tax return, but yes withholding rules are different. Much as they are very unique for retirement distributions which are also in the end taxed the same as other ordinary income. In California rental real estate has some insane withholding rules upon the sale. Etc., etc. Much of the time withholding rules have little to do with the actual taxes owed.

Which brings me to Lou:

I am not sure in this particular case. One reason is to ensure you have proper withholding, in case your bonus bumps you up to a higher tax bracket. However, in many cases, extra withholdig is required merely to increase cash flow to the government. Sure they will have to pay back all that over-withholding, but it makes their bottom line look good now. I think it is a little bit of both. The bonus withholding rates has varied with time, usually in line with overall tax rates though. My educated guess is a little of both reasons.

Will – I am a little confused by the question. As a whole though sometimes we issue $0 checks for varying situations (maybe something should have been ran through payrol but wasn’t – a benefit or something). I think this could be another explanation. But I don’t know, I would have to know more.

I would ask your former employer for an explanation. I don’t think they necessarily owe you anything – it should all work out in the end. But they would be better to explain than anyone else.

Is anyone out there familiar with the rules for starting bonuses? What happens if you receive a starting bonus (on which you are taxed) but decide not to take the job and have to bay that bonus back to the company? Do you have to pay the part that was witheld for taxes or just the part that you received?

For example, if your starting bonus is $5,000, you get approx. $3,000 after taxes. In the case of not taking the job, what value do you repay the company? The full $5,000 or just the $3,000?

Thank you!

What about a gift turned into a bonus? An anonymous donor gave my employer (a non-profit) a check designated as a gift for me. My employer chose to call it a bonus and processed it through payroll. Is that proper? As I expected, the payroll person miscalculated the aggregate tax so a huge chunk was withheld. I used to do payroll, so I know how to tell the software that large one-time payments such as bonuses or retro salary increases ARE NOT part of one’s regular salary so it’s not fooled into putting you into a higher tax bracket. I hate when others don’t! Incompetent. On top of that, my employer didn’t want to get stuck with the employer-paid portion of FICA–SS & Med. (an employer has to pay another 7.65% on your salary, just like the 7.65% that is withheld from the employee’s pay) so they reduced the gross amount of the total gift. argh. Do I need to pay a payroll attorney to figure this out? I hate to look a gift horse in the mouth, but I want to make sure it’s handled properly. Thanks!

Do you happen to know if “commission” is considered the same as a bonus?

Can I request that the taxes not be with held? If so where can I find this in the tax code?

Thanks,

Hi,
Posting this because I went through at least a dozen message boards like this about bonus taxation before I found the end-all be-all documentation explaining the logic of paycheck tax withholding:
http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p15.pdf
Bonus information can be found starting on p.13 under Supplemental Wages.
My husband was taking home only about 30% of his monthly bonuses, which are small relative to his salary. Since we’re married filing jointly and both work, he had needed to calculate a number for line 6 of his W-4 (Additional amount, if any, you want withheld from each paycheck). A worksheet gives you a lump annual amount, and you’re supposed to divide that by the number of paychecks in a year. Since his bonuses are treated like 12 extra paychecks, this same additional amount was being deducted from his bonus checks. Also the amount withheld from each paycheck was too high anyways because the total had been divided by 26 paychecks in a year instead of 38.
This calculator was also helpful:
http://www.irs.gov/individuals/article/0,,id=96196,00.html
If your withholding is out of whack, this tells you exactly what to do to your W-4 to make sure that you’ve paid in the correct amount by the end of the year. It’s also run by the IRS, so it feels more reliable to me than the link in the main post.

Let’s see: I thank God I even DID get a bonus check, and curse the fed and Charlie Crist for the flat tax.

Amen Don – I agree but I have to say that our whole office here in CA is in an uproar. The Fed tax just totally ate up our bonues. Doesn’t make much sense to me $69 taken out of my regular 2-week paycheck and $269 taken out of my 1-week bonus check. Ouch… I’m not looking a gifthorse in the mouth – I appreciate it but YIKES!

Are you referring to the amount a bonus check is cut for withholding taxes or the amount it is actually taxed when you file your income tax return. I find nothing in tax laws that states bonus earnings are taxed different on tax return.

47% taken here in NJ on a 5 figure bonus. All I can say is OUCH!

I want to know why my measley bonus of $400 was so heavily taxed? They took $140 out just for federal taxes, and the rest State etc. My check netted only $222.00! This is crazy! I have one dependant at home, and the only breadwinner in this family! I make less than $40,000 a year too!



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